What are the elements of promissory estoppel?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Escandari v. U.S. Bank N.A., F075830 (Cal. App. 2020):
The elements of promissory estoppel are (1) a promise clear and unambiguous in its terms; (2) reliance by the party whom the promise is made; (3) the reliance was both reasonable and foreseeable; and (4) the party asserting estoppel was injured by his reliance. (Jones v. Wachovia Bank (2014) 230 Cal.App.4th 935, 945.)
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