What is the test for "willfully" application of a criminal statute?

In a criminal statute, "willfully" generally means a voluntary, intentional violation of a known legal duty in bad faith or with evil purpose. See United States v. Pomponio, 429 U.S. 10, 11-12, 97 S.Ct. 22, 23-24, 50 L.Ed.2d 12 (1976) (per curiam); United States v. Bishop, 412 U.S. 346, 360, 93 S.Ct. 2008, 2017, 36 L.Ed.2d 941 (1973). A general intent to commit the proscribed act is not enough; a specific intent to do something the law forbids is required. See United States v. Wilson, 631 F.2d 118, 119 (9th Cir.1980). The definition of "misapplication" suggests a similar element: "[i]mproper, illegal, wrongful, or corrupt use [or] application of funds, property, etc." Black's Law Dictionary 901 (5th Ed.1979).