The following excerpt is from Perry v. Los Angeles Police Dept., 121 F.3d 1365 (9th Cir. 1997):
This court reviews a judgment as a matter of law de novo. Pierce v. Multnomah County, 76 F.3d 1032, 1037 (9th Cir. 1996). Constitutional issues are reviewed de novo. United States v. Wunsch, 84 F.3d
[121 F.3d 1368]
1110, 1114 (9th Cir.1996). A district court's determinations on questions of law and on mixed questions of law and fact that implicate constitutional rights are reviewed de novo. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Reno, 70 F.3d 1045, 1066 (9th Cir.1995).[121 F.3d 1368]
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