California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Esquivel, H038539, H040704 (Cal. App. 2015):
"reversal is required if it is reasonably probable the result would have been more favorable to the defendant had the error not occurred." (Id. at p. 1130.) "We determine whether a jury instruction correctly states the law under the independent or de novo standard of review." (People v. Ramos (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 1082, 1088.)
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