What is the test for reversal of a judgment in a criminal case?

Reversal may be required when the cumulative effect of serious trial errors made at trial amounted to a miscarriage of justice. (See People v. Hill (1998) 17 Cal.4th 800, 844.) "Lengthy criminal trials are rarely perfect, and this court will not reverse a judgment absent a clear showing of a miscarriage of justice." (Id. at p. 844.) We have rejected each claimed error, or found them harmless when considered separately. We similarly conclude that their cumulative effect does not warrant reversal of the judgment. (People v. Bolden (2002) 29 Cal.4th 515, 567-568.)

Page 51

Defendant's convictions are affirmed in full.