California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Summers, 147 Cal.App.3d 180, 195 Cal.Rptr. 21 (Cal. App. 1983):
"... In each such case where malice is found, there is an element of viciousness--an extreme indifference to the value of human life. [Citation.] It is where a defendant, free from any mental impairment or not acting in the heat of passion or on adequate provocation, makes a voluntary choice to commit a person-endangering act. [Citation.]" (People v. Love, supra, 111 Cal.App.3d 98, 105-106, 168 Cal.Rptr. 407.)
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