The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Hackett, 311 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2002):
"A restitution order is reviewed for an abuse of discretion, provided that it is within the bounds of the statutory frame-work. Factual findings supporting an order of restitution are reviewed for clear error. The legality of an order of restitution is reviewed de novo." United States v. Stoddard, 150 F.3d 1140, 1147 (9th Cir.1998) (citations omitted). We thus review the district court's application of 21 U.S.C. 853(q)(3) de novo, and we review the district court's factual conclusions regarding causation for clear error.
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