California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Mialma, G056418 (Cal. App. 2020):
As mentioned earlier, to establish the Bishop Street gang is a criminal street gang under section 186.22, the prosecution must prove the group's members "engage in, or have engaged in, a pattern of criminal gang activity." (People v. Duran (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 1448, 1457.) "A 'pattern of criminal gang activity' is defined as gang members' individual or collective 'commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of, sustained juvenile petition for, or conviction of two or more' enumerated 'predicate offenses' during a statutorily defined time period. [Citations.] The predicate offenses must have been committed on separate occasions, or by two or
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more persons. [Citations.] The charged crime may serve as a predicate offense . . . ." (Ibid.)
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