The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Crespo de Llano, 830 F.2d 1532 (9th Cir. 1987):
We review de novo the district court's determination of the voluntariness of a defendant's statement to law enforcement officers. United States v. Wolf, 813 F.2d 970, 974 (9th Cir.1987). 2 To be voluntary, an inculpatory statement must be " 'the product of a rational intellect and a
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