What is the test for determining that a mistake in a jury trial is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Windham, 129 Cal.Rptr. 828, 58 Cal.App.3d 570 (Cal. App. 1976):
We frankly concede that given the facts of this case and given the opportunity to so decide, we would hold that the error in this case is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. (Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705.) The evidence is overwhelming and defendant had excellent representation. However, we are denied this luxury since the error is reversible per se.
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