What is the test for being a member of a criminal street gang?

By its terms, section 186.22, subdivision (b)(1) has two prongs: the "benefit" prong and the "intent" prong. A crime can satisfy the first prong when it is committed for the benefit of a criminal street gang, at the direction of a criminal street gang, or in association with a criminal street gang. With respect to the second prong, "all that is required is a specific intent 'to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members.' " (People v. Villalobos (2006) 145 Cal.App.4th 310, 322 (Villalobos).)