California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Bolen, F069354 (Cal. App. 2017):
Attempted murder requires specific intent to kill, or express malice, "'and the commission of a direct but ineffectual act toward the accomplishing the intended killing.'" (People v. Smith (2005) 37 Cal.4th 733, 739.) Express malice is shown when the defendant "'either desires the victim's death, or knows to a substantial certainty that
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