What is the test for admitting identification evidence at a criminal trial?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Dawson, C071527 (Cal. App. 2015):

We agree with this assessment. "In order to determine whether the admission of identification evidence violates a defendant's right to due process of law, we consider (1) whether the identification procedure was unduly suggestive and unnecessary, and, if so, (2) whether the identification itself was nevertheless reliable under the totality of the circumstances, taking into account such factors as the opportunity of the witness to view the suspect at the time of the offense, the witness's degree of attention at the time of the offense, the accuracy of his or her prior description of the suspect, the level of certainty demonstrated at the time of the identification, and the lapse of time between the offense and the identification. [Citations.]" (People v. Cunningham, supra, 25 Cal.4th at p. 989.) Here, even assuming the presence of the tattoo in defendant's photograph made the lineup unduly suggestive, the identifications were nevertheless reliable under the

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