California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ruvalcaba, D061753 (Cal. App. 2013):
"The crime of accessory consists of the following elements: (1) someone other than the accused, that is, a principal, must have committed a specific, completed felony; (2) the accused must have harbored, concealed, or aided the principal; (3) with knowledge that the principal committed the felony or has been charged or convicted of the felony; and (4) with the intent that the principal avoid or escape from arrest, trial, conviction, or punishment." (People v. Plengsangtip (2007) 148 Cal.App.4th 825, 835-836.) "[I]n determining whether a defendant had the requisite knowledge and intent to commit the crime of accessory, the jury may consider 'such factors as [the defendant's] possible presence at the crime or other means of knowledge of its commission, as well as his companionship and relationship with the principal before and after the offense.' " (Id. at p. 837.)
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