What is the test for "abuse of discretion" in sentencing decisions?

"We review sentencing decisions for procedural and substantive reasonableness." United States v. Eaglin, 913 F.3d 88, 94 (2d Cir. 2019) (citing United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 189 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc)). Generally, "[t]his court reviews the procedural and substantive reasonableness of a sentence under a deferential abuse-of-discretion standard." United States v. Richardson, 958 F.3d 151, 153 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks and brackets omitted). A district court abuses its discretion when its ruling "rests on an error of law, a clearly erroneous finding of fact, or otherwise cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions." United States v. Parnell, 959 F.3d 537, 539 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted).

A. Procedural Reasonableness