The following excerpt is from McFadden v. City of El Centro, CASE NO. 13cv1580 JM(DHB) (S.D. Cal. 2014):
To establish a prima facie case of retaliation under Title VII, Plaintiff must show that (1) he engaged in a protected activity, (2) defendants took an adverse employment action against him, and (3) a causal link exists between his protected activity and the adverse employment action. Vasquez v. County of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634, 646 (9th Cir. 2003).
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