California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from The People v. Lopez, E049617, No. FSB800271 (Cal. App. 2011):
3. We use the shorthand expression "for the benefit of a criminal street gang" to refer to crimes which are alleged to have been committed "'for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal conduct by gang members, '" as provided in section 186.22, subdivision (b). (See People v. Sok (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 88, 92, fn. 3.)
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