The following excerpt is from Bellamy v. City of N.Y., 914 F.3d 727 (2nd Cir. 2019):
There is less here by way of substantiation than there was in Jeffreys, in which the claim of excessive force was supported by affidavits from multiple family members, and by inferences drawn from medical records and police reports. Bellamy relies on his bald assertion. However, "[t]he non-moving party may not rely on mere conclusory allegations nor speculation, but instead must offer some hard evidence showing that its version of the events is not wholly fanciful." D'Amico v. City of New York, 132 F.3d 145, 149 (2d Cir. 1998).
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