The following excerpt is from Gaspar Physical Therapy, Inc. v. Roberts, Case No.: 17cv2051-WQH-JLB (S.D. Cal. 2018):
The publication element of a defamation claim requires a communication of the allegedly defamatory statement "to a third person who understands its defamatory meaning as applied to the plaintiff." Shively v. Bozanich, 80 P.3d 676, 683 (Cal. 2003).
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