What is relevant evidence in a civil case?

Evidence Code section 350 provides: "No evidence is admissible except relevant evidence." Evidence is relevant if it has "any tendency in reason to prove or disprove any disputed fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action." (Evid. Code, 210.) However, "[t]he court in its discretion may exclude evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the probability that its admission will (a) necessitate undue consumption of time or (b) create substantial danger of undue prejudice, of confusing the issues, or of misleading the jury." (Evid. Code, 352.) This provision "permits the trial judge to strike a careful balance between the probative value of the evidence and the danger of prejudice, confusion and undue time consumption," but also "requires that the danger of these evils substantially outweighs the probative value of the evidence. This balance is particularly delicate and critical where what is at stake is a

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criminal defendant's liberty." (People v. Lavergne (1971) 4 Cal.3d 735, 744; People v. Tran (2011) 51 Cal.4th 1040, 1047.)

With these legal principles in mind, we now address and reject each of defendant's evidentiary assertions.