The following excerpt is from Robinson v. Olive (In re Robinson), BAP WW-21-1042-TLB, Bk. 19-bk-11724-MLB (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2021):
"A malicious injury involves (1) a wrongful act, (2) done intentionally, (3) which necessarily causes injury, and (4) is done without just cause or excuse." Id. at 1207 (quoting Petralia v. Jercich (In re Jercich), 238 F.3d 1202, 1209 (9th Cir. 2001)). Malice may be inferred based on the nature of the wrongful act. Id.
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