The following excerpt is from Cunha v. Cal. Forensic Med. Grp., CASE NO. 1:17-cv-00094-DAD-MJS (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2017):
In terms of the third prerequisite, filing a complaint or grievance is constitutionally protected. Valandingham v. Bojorquez, 866 F.2d 1135, 1138 (9th Cir. 1989).
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