What are the elements of intentional infliction of emotional distress?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from Gill v. Aires, G052538 (Cal. App. 2017):

Gill sued defendants for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The elements of that cause of action are "'(1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant with the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; (2) the plaintiff's suffering severe or extreme emotional distress; and (3) actual and proximate causation of the emotional distress by the defendant's outrageous conduct.'" (Wilson v. Hynek (2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 999, 1009.)

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