What are the elements of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from Turner v. The Rule Co., B248667, B250084, B256763, B261032 (Cal. App. 2019):

The elements of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress are: "(1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant with the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; (2) the plaintiff's suffering severe or extreme emotional distress; and (3) actual and proximate causation of the emotional distress by the defendant's outrageous conduct." (Hughes v. Pair (2009) 46 Cal.4th 1035, 1050, internal quotation marks omitted.)

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