What are the elements of conspiracy and what is the test for conspiracy?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Martinez, 945 F.2d 409 (9th Cir. 1991):

The elements of conspiracy are (1) an agreement to engage in criminal activity, (2) one or more overt acts taken to implement the agreement, and (3) the requisite intent to commit the substantive act. United States v. Litteral, 910 F.2d 547, 550 (9th Cir.1990). Once the existence of a conspiracy is established, evidence of only a slight connection is necessary to support a conviction of knowing participation in that conspiracy. Id. More than sufficient evidence supports the conspiracy convictions of all of the appellants.

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