The following excerpt is from Coleson v. City of N.Y., 2014 N.Y. Slip Op. 08213, 24 N.E.3d 1074, 24 N.Y.3d 476, 999 N.Y.S.2d 810 (N.Y. 2014):
In Cuffy v. City of New York, 69 N.Y.2d 255, 513 N.Y.S.2d 372, 505 N.E.2d 937 (1987), we listed the requisite elements for a duty voluntarily assumed:
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