California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Deutsche Bank Nat'l Trust Co. v. Pyle, 13 Cal.App.5th 513, 220 Cal.Rptr.3d 691 (Cal. App. 2017):
7 The elements of a cause of action for slander of title are (1) a publication, which is (2) without privilege or justification and thus with express or implied malice, (3) false, either knowingly so or made without regard to its truthfulness and (4) causes pecuniary loss. (Howard v. Schaniel (1980) 113 Cal.App.3d 256, 263-264, 169 Cal.Rptr. 678.)
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