California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Lutfi v. Spears, B246253 (Cal. App. 2015):
The elements of a defamation claim are: (a) a publication that is (b) false, (c) defamatory, (d) unprivileged, and (e) has a natural tendency to injure or cause special damage. (Taus v. Loftus (2007) 40 Cal.4th 683, 720.)
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