California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Pan v. City of Sunnyvale, H040782 (Cal. App. 2015):
We next consider the third cause of action for defamation. "The elements of a defamation claim are (1) a publication that is (2) false, (3) defamatory, (4) unprivileged, and (5) has a natural tendency to injure or causes special damage." (Wong v. Jing (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 1354, 1369.)
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