Turning to the second element – a corresponding deprivation – the plaintiff's loss is material only if the defendant has gained a benefit or been enriched: Peel (Regional Municipality) v. Canada, 1992 CanLII 21 (SCC), [1992] 3 SCR 762 at pp 789-90. That is why the second requirement obligates the plaintiff to establish not simply that the defendant has been enriched, but also that the enrichment corresponds to a deprivation which the plaintiff has suffered: Pettkus v. Becker, at p 852.
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