What is the test for a negligent driver to cause injury to a pedestrian?

Ontario, Canada


The following excerpt is from Berendsen v. Ontario, 2008 CanLII 1416 (ON SC):

In Ryan v. City of Victoria,[8] Major J. held that the first branch of this test is a “relatively low threshold”. What must be shown is that a relationship of proximity existed between the parties such that it was reasonably foreseeable that a careless act by the defendant could result in injury.

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