California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Walker, F078766 (Cal. App. 2021):
3. All lay witness testimony (including lay opinion testimony) that goes beyond the facts the witness personally observed, is inadmissible. (People v. McAlpin (1991) 53 Cal.3d 1289, 1308; Evid. Code, 702, subd. (a) [Except for expert witness testimony, "the testimony of a witness concerning a particular matter is inadmissible unless he has personal knowledge of the matter."].)
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