Is a failure to instruct with CALCRIM No. 251 harmless?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Sullivan, C082183 (Cal. App. 2019):
Nevertheless, the failure to instruct with CALCRIM No. 251 was harmless as it is not reasonably probable it affected the outcome. (See People v. Alvarez (1996) 14 Cal.4th 155, 220 [failure to instruct on the union of act and specific intent is prejudicial if there is a reasonable probability of an effect on the outcome].)4
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