Is a crime committed in association with a gang related?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Beaver, B223596 (Cal. App. 2011):
A crime is also gang related if it is committed "in association with" a gang, where the defendants "relied on their common gang membership and the apparatus of the gang." (People v. Albillar, supra, 51 Cal.4th at p. 60.) Officer Hamaoka testified that the robbery was in association with a gang, because the participation of all the defendants was necessary to secure the success of the armed robbery, with each defendant playing a
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