How is Rule 11 interpreted in appellate review of sanctions?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Heimbaugh v. City and County of San Francisco, 923 F.2d 862 (9th Cir. 1991):
In appellate review of orders imposing sanctions under Rule 11, facts relied upon by the district court to establish a violation of the rule are reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard, the legal conclusion that the facts constitute a violation of the rule is reviewed de novo, and the appropriateness of the sanction imposed is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. King v. Idaho Funeral Serv. Ass'n, 862 F.2d 744, 747 (9th Cir.1988).
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