How have courts interpreted the definition of "duress" in the context of sexual assault cases?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Leal, 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 869, 33 Cal.4th 999, 94 P.3d 1071 (Cal. 2004):

Defendant appealed his conviction and argued, inter alia, that the trial court erred by defining "duress" to include "a direct or implied threat of `hardship.'" The Court of Appeal affirmed the judgment of conviction, declining to follow the contrary holding in People v. Valentine (2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 1241, 113 Cal.Rptr.2d 748. We granted review to resolve this conflict.

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