How have courts dealt with the issue of literacy in Spanish?

The trial court gave judgment for respondents. It refused petitioners' proposed finding to the effect that residents of Los Angeles County who were literate only in Spanish would be able adequately to identify and familiarize [2 Cal.3d 228] themselves with political candidates and issues from Spanish-language news media, on the ground that the record did not contain sufficient evidence as to the contents of and coverage afforded by such media. ⁶ It likewise refused petitioners' proposed finding on the issue of discriminatory legislative and popular intent in enacting the literacy requirement. Viewing Lassiter v. Northampton Election Bd. (1959) 360 U.S. 45, 79 S.Ct. 985, 3 L.Ed.2d 1072, as dispositively upholding the

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