How does an applicant qualify as a refugee on two different grounds?

An applicant may qualify as a refugee in two ways. "First, the applicant can show past persecution on account of a protected ground." Deloso v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 858, 863 (9th Cir.2005). This showing of past persecution creates a presumption of a fear of future persecution. Id. at 863-64. This presumption shifts the burden to the government to show that there has been a fundamental change in circumstances such that the applicant no longer has a well-founded fear of persecution. Id. Second, an applicant can be eligible for asylum by "actually showing a well-founded fear of future persecution, again on account of a protected ground." Id. at 864. We discuss each of the two ways to show eligibility for asylum below.

[506 F.3d 938]