California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Washington, A158017 (Cal. App. 2020):
quoting section 187, subdivision (a).) The felony murder rule, however, provided an exception that made "a killing while committing certain felonies murder without the necessity of further examining the defendant's mental state." (Id at p. 1182.) Under a separate rule known as the natural and probable consequences doctrine, a " ' "person who knowingly aids and abets criminal conduct is guilty of not only the intended crime . . . but also of any other crime the perpetrator actually commits . . . that is a natural and probable consequence of the intended crime.' " ' (People v. Chiu (2014) 59 Cal.4th 155, 161.)
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