The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Medjuck, 156 F.3d 916 (9th Cir. 1998):
1 The Confrontation Clause serves several purposes: "(1) ensuring that witnesses will testify under oath; (2) forcing witnesses to undergo cross-examination; and (3) permitting the jury to observe the demeanor of witnesses." United States v. Sines, 761 F.2d 1434, 1441 (9th Cir.1985).
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