California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Castillo, E039686 (Cal. App. 10/30/2007), E039686 (Cal. App. 2007):
"One situation in which instructional error removing an element of the crime from the jury's consideration has been deemed harmless is where the defendant concedes or admits that element. [Citations.]" (People v. Flood (1998) 18 Cal.4th 470, 504.) Among the "circumstances indicat[ing] that [the] defendant effectively conceded this issue" (ibid.) are that the "[d]efendant never referred to this element of the crime during the trial and did not argue to the jury that the prosecution had failed to prove this element beyond a reasonable doubt . . . . Furthermore, [the] defendant presented no evidence regarding the . . . element, and failed to dispute the prosecution's evidence regarding the issue." (Id. at p. 505.)
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