Is a penalty or liquidated damages for breach of contract enforceable?

Alberta, Canada


The following excerpt is from Charterhouse Leasing Corporation Limited v. Sanmac Holdings Ltd., 1966 CanLII 410 (AB QB):

3. The question whether a sum stipulated is penalty or liquidated damages is a question of construction to be decided upon the terms and inherent circumstances of each particular contract, judged of as at the time of the making of the contract, not as at the time of the breach (Public Works Commissioner v. Hills, [1906] A.C. 368, and Webster v. Bosanquet, [1912] A.C. 894).

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