California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Murray, C090706 (Cal. App. 2021):
Under the circumstances presented, we are convinced that any instructional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. There is no rationale or plausible basis for finding that the asserted instructional error affected the jury's verdict. (People v. Flood, supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 504 [in determining whether error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, we must ask whether we can say beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not contribute to the jury's verdict].) No reasonable jury could have found that
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