California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Hansen, 36 Cal.Rptr.2d 609, 885 P.2d 1022, 9 Cal.4th 300 (Cal. 1994):
Even if it were not automatically reversible, the error here cannot be held harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Such a conclusion could be reached if, and only if, the jury's guilty verdict on murder in the second degree "was surely unattributable to the error." (Sullivan v. Louisiana, supra, 508 U.S. at p. ----, 113 S.Ct. at p. 2081.) As explained in the text, that condition is not, and cannot be, satisfied here.
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