California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Superior Court (Felmann), 130 Cal.Rptr. 548, 59 Cal.App.3d 270 (Cal. App. 1976):
Judge's ability to remain detached and neutral in evaluating the voluntariness of the plea and the fairness of the bargain to society as well as to the defendant, and would present substantial danger of unintentional coercion of defendants who may be intimidated by the judge's participation in the matter. (People v. Williams (1969) 269 Cal.App.2d 879, 884, 75 Cal.Rptr. 348.) 9
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