The following excerpt is from MATTER OF GRAND JURY, COUNTY OF KINGS (NICASTRO), 201 Misc. 4 (N.Y. Dist. Ct. 1952):
When the respondent appeared before the Grand Jury, the investigation was concerned with bribery, conspiracy and gambling. It has been held that section 381 of the Penal Law (bribery), section 584 (conspiracy), and section 996 (gambling), confer complete immunity, coextensive with the constitutional guarantee against self-incrimination, and sufficient to compel a witness to answer. These statutes expressly grant immunity not only against prosecution, but also against the imposition of any penalty or forfeiture. This statutory grant of immunity applies not only to penalties and forfeitures which may be imposed as punishment for the particular crimes of conspiracy, bribery and gambling, but apply equally to any penalty or forfeiture which may be imposed by any other statute. The primary purpose of immunity statutes is to grant immunity to witnesses, called in an investigation, against any crime or penalty or forfeiture that may be disclosed. (People v. Cahill, 126 App. Div. 391.)
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