When two or more people are in joint possession of a single item of personal property, can one or two convictions of robbery be proven?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Alvarado, 133 Cal.App.3d 1003, 184 Cal.Rptr. 483 (Cal. App. 1982):

When two or more persons are in joint possession of a single item of personal property, the person attempting to unlawfully take such property must deal with all such individuals. All must be placed in fear or forced to unwillingly give up possession.... [I]f force or fear is applied to two victims in joint possession of property, two convictions of robbery are proper. (People v. Ramos (1982) 30 Cal.3d 553, 589, 180 Cal.Rptr. 266, 639 P.2d 908.)

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