California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ramirez, 59 Cal.App.4th 1548, 70 Cal.Rptr.2d 341 (Cal. App. 1997):
When officers lack either a search or arrest warrant, they may stop a person's vehicle only when they have sufficient probable cause to believe [59 Cal.App.4th 1553] the person being detained has committed a crime. "[I]n justifying the particular intrusion the police officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion." (Terry v. Ohio (1968) 392 U.S. 1, 21-22, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1880, 20 L.Ed.2d 889.)
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