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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for ministerial discretion in making a land use decision?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to extend the trial of a defendant in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a finding of guilty of making criminal threats and stalking?


California, United States of America

Are there any cases where the police defendants have been ordered to pay costs of a self-represented plaintiff?


Ontario, Canada

Can a lawyer be disciplined under section 38(4)(b)(ii) of the BC Attorney General's Regulations Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the final element of the crime of third degree burglary?


"New York", United States of America

Is it a reasonable accommodation for an individual who has a mental health disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting a finding that a sentencing court acted in bad faith?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether extraneous information on the jury was prejudicial to the jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be convicted of possessing a firearm as an active participant in a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding an expert's testimony?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury overturn a conviction for carjacking murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in the context of a restitution order?


California, United States of America

When will a court grant an award of attorney fees on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a charge of murder in aid of racketeering?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When a demurrer is sustained, how does the court review the facts in the complaint de novo?


California, United States of America

Can interrogatories be used to obtain the names of witnesses?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a builder and contractor be held to owe a duty to subsequent purchasers for the cost of repairing non-dangerous defects in a building?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a police officer be required to disclose derogatory material in a file?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff is entitled to medical leave under the New York State Medical Leave Act?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for substantial evidence to support the jury's verdict in a robbery case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for freedom of expression in the context of the Charter?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the test for reasonable doubt in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a bailment for hire of a car?


"New York", United States of America

Does the burden of proof apply to an interpleader who has failed to establish a prima facie case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the current state of the law in the context of sexual assault cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a traffic stop under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

In a medical malpractice case, in what circumstances will a doctor's opinion be reviewed in a social security application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for specific and breadth of a search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonableness of an offer?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a court abuse its power to deny a defendant's Pitchess motion?


California, United States of America

Can an application under Rule 15(5)(a)(iii) be exercised without an affidavit?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a preliminary hearing where a defendant has to prove there is no probable cause to bind them over for trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for aggravation in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is there a consequence that if a gang member is convicted of a criminal offence by virtue of his or her actions, such that the crime proceeds to a criminal enterprise and the criminal damage caused by the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a Summary Judgment?


Ontario, Canada

Is a Mandate issued to correct an abuse of power that has resulted in a non-appealable order?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to plead guilty to a charge of sexual assault?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does defendant have a duty to explain himself to the court?


California, United States of America

Is a robbery completed at the moment the robber obtains possession of the stolen property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to amend a motion where the motion is seeking leave to amend the motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for good cause to obtain a police officer's personnel records?


California, United States of America

What is the test for breaching a Charter right?


Alberta, Canada

Does the assumption of risk principle underlying the fireman's rule apply?


California, United States of America

Is there a remedy for repeated original charges under s. 238(1) of the Income Tax Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for adverse possession of a parcel of land in a dispute?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an investigation into allegations of sexual assault?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is a private medical provider under contract with the state a state actor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a criminal charge of negligent non-compliance with section 3161(b) of the Criminal Code be dismissed without prejudice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that a defendant has been unfairly treated?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court decline to decide the probable cause question in cases in which the good faith exception applies?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for calculating compensation for loss of future earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff's claim that he was injured in a motor vehicle accident waived?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a search warrant be used to search a house for a gun that was thought to have been taken from the home of appellant Flores?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the husband been advised not to be called as a witness and not to testify?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of a lawyer obtaining a licence to operate a business as a pub?


Ontario, Canada

Does the clerk's minutes indicate that the result of the polling of the jurors was "10 YES 0 NO"?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of a motion to disqualify a magistrate judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a motor vehicle accident case, is causation established if the but for test is unworkable?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the factors relevant to determining the difficulty of a matter?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of an order denying leave to file a late claim for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a party to quash a subpoena?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a conviction under state law qualify as a criminal conviction under federal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on unreasonable search and seizure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some cases arising from attorney malpractice and breach of fiduciary duties?


California, United States of America

Can a state be sued for damages under Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a post-arraignment right to remain silent?


California, United States of America

Is a commercial insurance policy limited to certain circumstances?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law or case law that supports an indemnity scale?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion to dismiss an action for improper venue?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances have appellate courts upheld a finding that a personal surety bond is not supported by consideration?


California, United States of America

What is the test for bringing a claim for damages against a public entity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for defamatory sense?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the implied undertaking of a party in a civil action?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is a cause of action for personal injury?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a qui tam action a civil proceeding in which an informer sues for the Government as well as for himself?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a judge unduly interfere with a trial by questioning witnesses?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for failing to object to an expert witness at an appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a restrictive covenant is minor or more major?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to revoke in propria persona status and have an attorney appointed?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining what is in the best interest of a child?


British Columbia, Canada

Does destroying or concealing evidence "contemporaneously with arrest" constitute obstruction of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing “habitual residence” under Article 3 of the Convention on Human Rights?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Federal Bureau of Investigation have the authority to determine if there is harm caused by the agency to the victim of persecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting an audio recording at trial?


"New York", United States of America

Can a plaintiff rely on ignorance to toll the limitation period?


Ontario, Canada

If a plaintiff is dismissed with leave to amend, can the court refer to the prior pleading in her amended complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a post-judgment motion for attorney's fees still pending before the district court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the doctrine of vicarious liability apply to domestic workers employed by a homeowner?


California, United States of America

What is the test for striking out pleading?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a party who alleges fraudulent misrepresentation have to prove that the misrepresentation is not a "material fact" in order to succeed in their claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of proof in a civil contempt action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for damages in a discrimination action?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

In what circumstances will the actuary carry out a going concern valuation and a solvency valuation?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is ignorance of a possible cause of action against a public entity an excuse for failure to act?


California, United States of America

Is a contract made by a mentally incompetent person voidable and set aside if the other party knows of the deficiency?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a failure to instruct on accomplice liability harmless?


California, United States of America

Does a federal district court have jurisdiction to remand a case before a federal judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for ineffectiveness of a defense counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a testamentary provision in a will?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a jury agree on one theory of murder?


California, United States of America

When a defendant is sentenced consecutively for multiple criminal convictions in separate criminal proceedings, can the sentence be reduced to one-third of the midterm term?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any responsibility for recalculating the amount of conduct credit awarded to appellant at his sentencing hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for deliberate indifference by a prison official to a prisoner?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making restitution as a condition of probation in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a cognizable legal claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the knowledge elements of the money laundering statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard for determining whether an objective, reasonable person would have known that actions were substantially certain to injure the creditor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What consideration does the Master of the Rolls have given to a contract between a disc disc dealer and a record dealer?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does defendant have to be specific in their objection to a search?


California, United States of America

What is the significance of a habeas petition that asks the court to reenter a judgment so that a prisoner can continue to appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there an implied waiver of privilege where a party waives privilege but takes a position in relation to privileged materials that is inconsistent with maintaining privilege?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the language in subdivision (a)(2) of the California Government Code need to be interpreted differently than it was originally interpreted?


California, United States of America

Does a jury have to consider whether as a whole the jury instructions were misleading or inadequate to guide the jury's determination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a person who has been threatened with a demand that they comply with the threat?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of damages for injuries sustained in two separate accidents?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the role of a federal trial judge in questioning a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the undersigned have to consider the issue of the Younger abstention doctrine in dismissing a motion for summary dismissal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has been found negligent in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining type of harm in a murder case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a real estate broker to be liable for misleading a client?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be convicted of second degree felony murder where there is no law specifically criminalizing the crime at the time of the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a trust of trust in a person?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prosecution is for the "same offense" as another prosecution?


California, United States of America

Does a landlord have a legal obligation to return a security deposit?


"New York", United States of America

What is the difference between a plaintiff and defendant in a non-competition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any forfeiture for failure to object?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas corpus in a federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a gym membership deductible from the tort award?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for adjudication that a settlement was made in "good faith" under Code of Civil Procedure section 877 and 877.6?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a dependent have to continue to be financially supported by her partner?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances would the police officer have reasonable suspicion that conduct was consistent with criminal activity?


California, United States of America

Can a deposition be videotaped live?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for inculpation in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for determining causation?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a motion to dismiss a criminal charge of entrapment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for provocation to reduce a killing from murder to voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the Accident was a but for" causation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the jury in a case involving a manure spreader?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for cause of action against a contractor who has substantially completed construction?


"New York", United States of America

In what circumstances will the jury not consider the fact that defendant did not testify?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the dietary laws of the Islamic faith?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a spouse’s pre-marriage pension entitlement on the relationship of the spouses?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances has a lawyer been suspended or disciplined for mismanagement of his trust accounts?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting or denying evidence under section 1230 of the hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

What is the test for contempt of court in a family law case?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant argue that trial counsel's failure to object to the prosecutor's remarks amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel in a habeas corpus proceeding?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted 'good cause' under section 863 of the Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What can a reasonable jury do in the absence of an error under consideration?


California, United States of America

What are the aggravating factors that elevate larceny to robbery?


California, United States of America

Does Section 666 of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant who was previously convicted of robbery?


California, United States of America

Can a trustee or beneficiary of a trust petition the probate court to determine the existence of the trust?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court certify a class action against Toshiba of Canada for allegedly defective laptop computers?


Ontario, Canada

Is a defendant's failure to obtain funding to pay a defense expert sufficient to trigger a Marsden hearing?


California, United States of America

What are the principles of failure to call a Gang Expert?


California, United States of America

What is required from an employer to meet its duty to accommodate?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is an advance from parent to child a loan or gift?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts treated expert reports in a medical malpractice case?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether parties have entered into and agreement in a family law context?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for undue delay in a trial?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Defendant have any grounds to argue that the Prosecutor failed to object on cross-examination?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution have a duty to disclose impeachment information at trial?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a finding of guilty of perverting the course of justice in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dissent from the Court of Appeal when it comes to determining whether a defendant has been found guilty of contempt of court?


"New York", United States of America

How has the jury been instructed in the context of assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

Does the court err in giving instructions to codefendants where one codefendant testified in his own behalf, denied guilt, and incriminated himself?


California, United States of America

Is there a duty to inform the jury that they must follow the law?


California, United States of America

Is it reasonable to argue that the work involved is difficult?


California, United States of America

Does Section 5822 of the Federal Criminal Code require a putative bomb-maker to make a written application to the Secretary of State?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a demand need to be made by both parties?


Alberta, Canada

Can a driver use his cell phone while the car is in motion?


"New York", United States of America

What is the current state of the law on facial challenges?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of the abuse of time standard?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a criminal gang enhancement?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation on cross-examination in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is liable in a motor vehicle accident where an independent intervening force actively operates to produce injury?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of the legislative and initiative versions of the three strikes laws?


California, United States of America

What is the consideration of child protection factors in determining the child’s best interests?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for a defendant to succeed on a sufficiency of evidence argument in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence that defendant possessed methamphetamine and heroin for sale when he was charged only with possession?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a determination of a statutory delegate's failure to adopt a fair procedure?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a habeas corpus hearing included in the proceedings in which an indigent criminal defendant is entitled to appointed counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the reliability of testimony?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the majority of the New York State Supreme Court uphold an "any time" search authorization for a search warrant?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for dismissing an appeal from the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the phrase "knew" or "ought to have known" that someone was operating without the consent of the owner?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for qualified immunity under the doctrine of civil privilege?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in this context?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the terms of an order seeking to compel disclosure of medical reports and medical evidence?


British Columbia, Canada

What medical opinions are recognized in social security cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is sufficient to establish probable cause when a witness gives evidence of illegal activity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the entire cause of a defense counsel's failure to give a pinpoint instruction?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting the principle against self-incrimination?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the analytical process to be followed in a domestic relationship claim of unjust enrichment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving the voluntary nature of a statement?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted clause 3(a) in a will?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a parent company liable for the actions of a subsidiary?


MultiRegion, United States of America