When a traffic stop is supported by probable cause, can the occupants of the car be released from custody after 5 to 6 minutes of questioning?

When a traffic stop is supported by probable cause, the occupants of the car have no "right to be released the instant the steps to check license, registration, and outstanding warrants, and to write a ticket, had been completed.... [T]he fourth amendment does not require the release of a person arrested on probable cause at the earliest moment that step can be accomplished. What the Constitution requires is that the entire process remain reasonable." United States v. Childs, 277 F.3d 947, 953-54 (7th Cir. 2002) (in banc). Longer intervals than five to six minutes have been deemed tolerable. See, e.g., United States v. Turvin, 517 F.3d 1097, 1103-04 (9th Cir. 2008) (holding that a 14-minute period of questioning was not unlawful because "officers do not need reasonable suspicion to ask questions unrelated to the purpose of an initially lawful stop [where the questioning] did not unreasonably prolong the duration of the stop"); United States v. Hernandez, 418 F.3d 1206, 1212 n.7 (11th Cir. 2005) ("Where at its inception a traffic stop is a valid one for a

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